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Spanish Falange of the JONS
Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS), known simply as the Falange (), is the name assigned to several Spanish political movements and parties originating in the late 1930s, a rough contemporary of the Estado Novo, Nazism and Italian Fascism. The word is Spanish for phalanx. Members of the party were called Falangists ((スペイン語:Falangistas)).
== Historical context ==
In Spain, the Falange was a political organization founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933, during the Second Spanish Republic. Primo de Rivera was the son of General Miguel Primo de Rivera, who governed Spain as Prime Minister in the 1920s.
Unlike other members of the Spanish right, the Falange was republican, avant-gardist, and modernist (see Early History below), in a manner similar to the original spirit of Italian Fascism. Its uniform and aesthetic were similar to contemporary European fascist and national socialist movements. After the party was coopted by Francisco Franco and consolidated with the Carlists, it ceased to have a fascist character (to the extent Fascism is considered revolutionary) inasmuch as Franco was a Monarchist, although it retained many of the external trappings of fascism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Visions of Awakening Space and Time : Dogen and the Lotus Sutra )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Franco and the Spanish Civil War )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The transformation of Spain )〕
During the Spanish Civil War the doctrine of the Falange was used by General Franco, who virtually took possession of its ideology, while José Antonio Primo de Rivera, arrested before the beginning of the war, was executed by the Spanish Republican Government. During the war, and after its founder's death, the Falange was combined by decree (Unification Decree) with the Carlist party, under the sole command of Franco, forming the core of the sole official political organization in Spain, the ''Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista'', or "Spanish Traditionalist Phalanx of the Assemblies of National-Syndicalist Offensive" (FET y de las JONS). This organization, also known as the National Movement (''Movimiento Nacional'') after 1945, continued until Franco's death in 1975.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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